QUICK SHEET · CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERATED REPUBLIC
Elections & Electoral Finance
How the only nationally elected executive is actually chosen: two tests at once, a 60% waiver, a runoff with no second test, and — when arithmetic runs out — a lot drawn in public. Then the money rules, which begin by removing campaign cash from protected speech entirely.
§7.1 – §7.3 · §8.1 – §8.3
7 provisions
7 provisions
The Dual Test — §7.1
Test 1 — National RCV Majority
A majority of votes cast nationally, under Ranked Choice Voting. Every citizen's vote counts here — Territory citizens included.
BOTH
Test 2 — State Plurality
More first-preference votes than any other candidate in a majority of the Republic's States. Breadth, not just depth — a candidate must win rooms across the country, not one region overwhelmingly. Territories are not counted here.
60%
The waiver: a national RCV majority at or above 60% of votes cast waives the State plurality test — consent that overwhelming is already broad. The same 60% governs every direct electoral supermajority in the document (§7.3): SC public confirmation under the Senate bypass, and public-election removal of a constitutional officer. Statute cannot move it in either direction.
When No One Wins Outright — §7.1
STEP 1
Top Two Advance
The two highest national first-preference totals. Tied for second? The Elections Panel draws by lot.
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STEP 2
Runoff — One Test Only
National RCV alone. The State plurality requirement does not apply in a runoff — the field has narrowed; the breadth test has done its work.
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IF TIED
Public Lot
The Elections Panel determines the winner by lot in a public session, published to the NRS. Final. The edge case is pre-answered, not improvised.
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CERTIFICATION
14-Day Window
Challengeable only before the SC, within 14 days, by either candidate, a State/Territory government (own-jurisdiction accuracy only), or the Panel itself on material error.
The Money and the Conduct — §8.1, §8.2, §8.3, §8.4
Electoral Finance §8.1
Disclose above de minimis·
Individual cap by statute·
Corporate / foreign: prohibited
Anonymity in electoral finance is prohibited; everything above de minimis is published to the NRS. Coordinated expenditures are treated as direct contributions. And the foundation under all of it: campaign money is explicitly not protected speech under §1.5 — the regulation is reserved from both speech and associational protection, so the whole framework can't be dissolved by one court case.
Conduct, Airwaves & Financing §8.2 · §8.3 · §8.4
Foreign help = disqualified·
Free spectrum access·
Public financing available
Knowingly accepting foreign assistance disqualifies a candidate from that cycle. Officeholders campaigning for a different office must keep official resources fully separate. Public-spectrum licensees owe equal free access to qualified candidates during the electoral period — the airwaves belong to the public that licenses them. And the Legislature must establish a public campaign financing system available to all qualified candidates on equal terms, providing a genuine alternative to private fundraising.
The Calendar No One Can Touch — §7.2, §7.2.a
2·6·6
years — Assembly / Senate (staggered) / Consular cycles. All federal elections are RCV, majority required, run on the National Voting System.
0
power the Legat Consul has over election timing — cannot declare, postpone, or influence scheduling, including via emergency declarations.
90
days — maximum postponement, and only after an Elections Panel impossibility finding plus 2/3 of both chambers. Elections within 30 days of the normalization finding.
§7.3
one threshold, one home — 60% of votes cast for every direct electoral supermajority. No statute can raise or lower it anywhere.